Ssh without password

Secure shell (ssh) protocols can be configure to work without protocols. This is particularly helpful for machines that are used often.

Configuring ssh without password from a POSIX-compliant terminal

Step 1: create a public key and copy to remote computer

• Log into a local Linux or MacOSX computer
• Type the following to generate the ssh key:

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C $USER@$(hostname)

• Accept the default key location by pressing Enter.
• Please use a different password/passphrase for your SSH key than your WUR password.
• Secure permission of your authentication keys by closing permission to your home directory, .ssh directory, and authentication files

chmod go-wx $HOME
chmod 700 $HOME/.ssh
chmod 600 $HOME/.ssh/*

• Type the following to copy the key to the remote server (this will prompt for a password).

ssh-copy-id remote_username@remote_host

Configuring ssh without password for Anunna

• Create a public key as in Step 1 of the previous section and copy it to Anunna. Note that a public/private key pair needs to be made only once per machine.
• Similar to step 2 of the previous section, add the public key to the $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys2 file. There is already a $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys present. You may append the key to this file as an alternative, but take care not to remove content that is already there. The cluster is configured so that passwordless communication will all other nodes is default.

Configuring ssh without password using PuTTY

Use pageant: http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.58/htmldoc/Chapter9.html to generate local keys. You'll want have a copy of the pubkey in plaintext available.

Make sure to paste that plaintext string into ~/.ssh/authorized_keys in one single line. Chmod the file 600 (so it shows -rw------- in ls -l) and the directory .ssh to 700 (drwx------).

Now PuTTY will login passwordlessly whenever pageant is running.

Finally, get pageant to load on startup: http://blog.shvetsov.com/2010/03/making-pageant-automatically-load-keys.html

Configuring ssh without password using WinSCP

WinSCP has provided a detailed instruction in https://winscp.net/eng/docs/public_key, and https://winscp.net/eng/docs/ui_login_authentication

Configuring ssh without password on a Mac

• Create a public key as in Step 1 of the first section and copy it to Anunna.
• Add the passphrase that you entered above to the keychain on your mac:

ssh-add -K /path/to/private/key/file

Selecting which settings to use

To have your SSH client to use certain settings, one can use a config file, at ~/.ssh/config

For example :

Host *.wurnet.nl *.wur.nl 
    User                    haars001
    Compression             no
    RequestTTY              force

Host *
    Compression             yes
    Protocol                2
    ServerAliveInterval     120
    ServerAliveCountMax     50
    TCPKeepAlive            no
    ConnectTimeout          60
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
    AddKeysToAgent yes

As the config file is used top to bottom, the connection wur(net).nl servers will be using no compression, but the rest of the servers you might access will. More options and settings can be found by using `man ssh_config`

See also

• Logging into cluster using ssh and file transfer